Demand For Electricity

Interest For Electricity Presentation In the event that future interest for power is to be coordinated by satisfactory gracefully, at that point it is fundamental that models are worked for evaluating precisely, what the future interest for power is probably going to be. So as to achieve this, it is essential that the variables influencing power request are obviously indentified and evaluated. It is much increasingly critical on account of vitality enterprises since, future vitality request requires speculation spending today (because of their immense capital venture necessity and long lead time).[1] at the end of the day, on the off chance that a nation should think little of its future power request, at that point it would in all likelihood not make satisfactory capital interest in the here and now which would then bring about a lack of power flexibly (when contrasted with request) later on. One of the most compelling elements influencing the interest for power is the cost of electricity.[2] The cost of power has since been consolidated into most of power request models.[3] This paper attempts to look at the impacts of the cost of power in the UK on its own power request. The concentration here is to decide the value flexibility of interest for the period 1980-2008 (yearly time arrangement information) by the utilization of a loglinear relapse model. The examination paper will take the accompanying configuration. Part one is the presentation, section two will be the writing audit, section three will concentrate on the displaying approach and information investigation and part four will be the end and discoveries. Writing REVIEW Value Elasticity As indicated by monetary hypothesis there is an opposite connection between the cost of vitality and the amount of vitality requested. As vitality costs rise the amount of vitality requested falls and the other way around. Given that every single other factor are held constant[4]. Financial hypothesis further proposes that the interest for vitality isn't as receptive to the adjustments in vitality costs when contrasted with different items that are increasingly receptive to their individual prices[5]. Business analysts characterize value flexibility as shoppers affectability to value changes or the level of responsiveness of changes in amount requested to changes in costs and is given by the recipe underneath as: Since value versatility is the proportion of two rates, we subsequently don't communicate it in any unit. Value versatilities are typically negative this is because of the converse connection among request and cost. Request versatilities are predominantly of two sorts which are; flexible and inelastic. In the event that the estimations of versatility of interest fall inside the outright estimations of 0 to 1 at that point request is supposed to be inelastic and this can be deciphered accordingly as an adjustment in value brings about a not exactly proportionate change in amount requested. Then again if the estimations of versatility of interest equivalents to the total estimation of one or over one, at that point request is supposed to be flexible. For the situation where flexibility of interest is equivalent to the outright estimation of 1, it is deciphered as; an adjustment in value prompts a proportionate change in amount requested. In the event that the versatility of interest is more noteworthy than the supreme estimation of 1 then it is deciphered in this way as: an adjustment in value brings about an in excess of a proportionate change in amount requested. For instance in the inelastic range, if cost increments by 10 percent on a ware with a value flexibility of - 0.3 then the interest for the great falls by just 3 percent. Notwithstanding, on account of the flexible range, a product with a flexibility of - 2.0 would confront a fall popular of 20 percent, if cost somehow managed to increment by 10 percent. This relationship can be additionally outlined in the figure beneath. Figure 1: Relationship of gracefully and request with two interest bends Figure 1 shows a flexibly bend (S1) and two interest bends which have various versatilities of interest (D1 and D1). D1 is more flexible than D1 (for example less more extreme). At harmony, the flexibly bend S1, with both interest bends D1 and D1, have a typical balance cost and amount at P1 and Q1.Now, let us currently accept that the gracefully bend movements to one side because of state an expansion in the expense of creation (for example the cost of coal used to produce power). At that point, the new balance point will rely upon the idea of the interest bend that is utilized as appeared in figure 2. In the event that the interest bend is generally flexible at (D1), at that point costs will rise and request will fall by an a lot bigger sum when contrasted with the more inelastic interest bend (D1). Note here that with the inelastic interest bend, the cost and amount requested (P2 and Q2) are a lot bigger than on account of a progressively versatile interest bend at (P2 and Q2). In all actuality this can be clarified by the way that, on the off chance that the interest for a ware is inelastic, at that point, any expansion in costs (for instance age costs as referenced above) can undoubtedly be given to the buyers absent a lot of decrease in flexibly, subsequently the bigger cost. Then again on the off chance that the interest for the ware were to be flexible, at that point just an a lot littler bit of the cost increment would be given to the customer. Figure 2: Shows the impacts of a move in the Supply Curve We can likewise observe the impacts of a move in the interest bend on cost and amount. In the event that we expect that request bends were to move outward to one side (for example increments) from (D1 to D2) and (D1 to D2) while flexibly is held steady then with a progressively versatile interest bend the balance cost and amount (P2 and Q2) would be a lot of lower than if request somehow happened to be inelastic (for example P2 and Q2). Figure 3: Effects of a move in the Demand Curve From the three above outlines it is very certain that the subsequent effect of changes in flexibly or request on harmony cost and amount will differ in understanding to the idea of item versatility. Value flexibilities can be utilized to show how customer request reacts to changes in cost just as the straightforwardness at which people can switch over to a substitute, when item costs go up. A purchaser who has a fixed salary has three alternatives of reacting to value changes for the time being; (a the customer can switch over to a substitute; b) they can buy less of the product with no extra acquisition of a substitute; or (c the person in question can in any case purchase a similar amount of good while diminishing their utilization of different items that make up their all out consumption. On account of power the degree at which it very well may be subbed is extremely constrained. Power can be utilized principally for warming, helping or a wide scope of electric machines, for example, (PCs, TVs, printers, irons and so forth.). On account of warming, a buyer may substitute the utilization of power for flammable gas (and on account of less created nations may even substitute it for it for lamp oil or kindling). Notwithstanding, the purchaser likewise has the alternative of exchanging over to an apparatus that utilizes a more vitality monitoring source. For end uses, for example, power gracefully for TVs, power has no substitutes. The purchaser likewise has the choice of buying a progressively productive TV and keeping up a similar degree of administration while utilizing less power. Supplanting machines, for example, TVs may include the difference in a generally costly apparatus and as such would set aside some effort to do as such. Since, this will include a first intro ductory capital expense which thus relies upon the salary of the purchaser, recurrence of compensation installment and installment of bills plans and so forth. The timeframe required by shoppers to substitute a moderately costly machine because of higher vitality costs is typically alluded to as the since quite a while ago run change timespan. On this the premise of this investigation, it is normal that the value flexibility of interest is typically inelastic in the short run and increasingly versatile over the long haul. This is on the grounds that in the short run the purchasers choices of reacting to higher power costs are restricted for example he is confined to responses, for example, decreasing their degree of apparatus use (for instance running the radiator for lesser hours of the day) or diminishing his use on different products to keep up a similar degree of power utilization. Over the long haul notwithstanding, his alternatives of reacting to high vitality costs are expanded contrasted with the choices he had in the short run. Over the long haul the purchaser can completely react to value changes by the acquisition of apparatuses that are increasingly productive or potentially the acquisition of machines that utilization a less expensive vitality source. That is the reason over the long haul versatilities incline toward a more flexible range than in the short run. Prior Literature on Price Elasticity of Electricity Demand Prior writing on power request has uncovered that the value versatility of interest for power is moderately inelastic in the short run and will in general be generally progressively flexible over the long haul. The past works composed on value flexibility of interest are decidedly a lot to be completely talked about in this exploration. Subsequently we will concentrate on just the outline of a couple. Taylor (1975) thought of one of the primary written works on power request reviews. Subsequent to doing audits on different existing investigations of business, modern and private power request, he detailed the accompanying: (an on account of private interest for power, transient value flexibility extended from - 0.13 to - 0.90 while since quite a while ago run value versatilities ran from almost 0 to - 2.0. On account of business request, value versatilities were esteemed at - 0.17 for the short run and - 1.36 for the long run[7]. Boone kamp (2007) utilizing the base up model on a yearly information arrangement for the period 1990-2000 detailed that the family long haul value flexibility went from - 0.09 to 0.13[8]. Pouris (1987) directed an examination for the flexibility of interest for power for South Africa utilizing information for the period (1950-1983) and confirmed that the drawn out value versatility of power interest for the period was - 0.90.[9] Bjoner

Royal Engineer Regiment (RER) Leadership in the Military

Imperial Engineer Regiment (RER) Leadership in the Military Section 1 Presentation 1.1 BACKGROUND The Royal Engineer Regiment (RER), being one of the battle bolster arms in the Malaysian Army has the job and assignments of helping the Army in the field of building. This paper will feature the order and control of RER Interpersonal Leadership in the development ventures the executives. The fundamental job and assignment of RER is to complete significant development errands including improvement and upkeep past the capacities of the Regiment or any designing association. There is ordinarily a military designer official at all degrees of order to prompt the officer on building necessities Undertaking the executives for building and development presents the standards and procedures of overseeing designing and development ventures from the proprietors concentrate through structure and development to finish. It underscores venture the executives during the beginning times of task advancement on the grounds that the capacity to impact the quality, cost, and calendar of an undertaking can best be accomplished during the beginning time of order and control. This paper will concentrate on the psychological side of RER administration for taking care of development extends as opposed to the innovation side of the tasks. This paper coordinates relational dynamic of armed force engineer authority overwhelming individual force improving various models, encounters and remarks to show the material introduced in the content. We will gain from the pioneers of the past whose practices and activities shape our ever-evolving world. Generally significant, is transformational of administr ation approaches are the â€Å"secret† behind the accomplishment of our most noteworthy pioneers or the incredible Islamic instructing stimulate the individual ability and dependability? The target group of this paper isn't restricted to the today armed force pioneers yet for pioneers of tomorrow who will ideally profit by the exercises of this examination paper as they face the difficulties of globalization in an undeniably interconnected world. With the conversations and outlines, this paper is driven through the multifunctional demonstrable skill and certainty of RER connecting the segments of an undertaking into an exhaustive work intend to manage the whole task to effective consummation. 1.1.1 LEADERSHIP IS A PROCESS As I would like to think, theres something very unique between armed force engineer pioneers and regular citizen engineer pioneers. A military designer pioneers must have the option to deal with products errands. These gatherings cooperate in a predominant subordinate idea for order positions and formal initiative for designing venture the board. All pioneers make comparable vows upon section to the Army. From the very first moment, new Second Lieutenants are pushed into places of noteworthy duty. As a youthful nineteen to twenty-two years of age pioneer, they are straightforwardly liable for thirty to fifty-four warriors. AsRER officials progress through the positions, they keep on building up their administration in RER structure and development ventures. Subsequently, they will be given places of expanded obligation and can inevitably lead 120 to 318 troopers. What other place would a youthful architect with just a couple of years experience have the range of abilities to lead that numerous individuals? The corporate world, designing specialist or development wou ld once in a while ever let another architect college graduate direct 30 individuals. Truth be told, some military specialist officials take their both specialized aptitude and armed force initiative abilities and leave the RER. Their specialized and armed force authority aptitudes are in such appeal, they can without much of a stretch market themselves in the corporate world. As a military architect official, our obligations will be various yet critical. Armed force Engineer authority depends on an idea of obligation, administration and maybe significantly altruism. To join the military, we should breeze through a physical assessment and sign the selection contract. With the selection contract, well consent to specific choices, for example, the time allotment of our deployment ready and our enrollment date. All military architects partake in a course that acquaints them with life as an officer. The fundamental battle preparing focus at Kolej Tentera Darat and Pusat Asas Latihan Tentera Darat are a piece of our course, will show similar abilities that are instructed to different warriors, so we will be set up to discharge weapons, draw in the adversary close by to-hand battle, remain fit as a fiddle and in any case prevail in a battle circumstance. As an Army field engineer (Jurutera Medan), we will work in a group to guarantee that units dont have portability issues while finishing missions. We see our commitments to supporters as an ethical obligation and we show this worth need to junior pioneers. We will be answerable for performing developing scaffolds, destruction, clear courses, creating electrical force, building impediments to fill in as resistance positions and preparing our colleagues including organizations, however our precise obligations will change from day to days. Our preparation will encourage the abilities we have to carry out our responsibility as securely as could be expected under the circumstances. A helpful aptitude to have and to turn into a military specialist is LEADERSHIP. We ought to have the option to settle on snappy and centered choices to effectively finish our central goal. Additionally, we should be certain, clever, self-restrained and venturesome. Armed force Field Engineering Institute or Institut Kejuruteraan Medan Tentera Darat (IKEM) job is to prepare all officials and troopers in the RER just as officials and different positions from the Army in engineer related courses. In light of that idea, IKEM built up a particular idea worked around engineer staff/specialized courses. IKEM was intended to prepare staff official aptitudes represent considerable authority in the field of designing and these will permit the brain to all the more likely retain and get ideas and hence increment by and large maintenance and profundity of information to the Army engineer. One of the keys to our prosperity has been the numerous thoughts, remarks and worries from the field. The assorted variety of the RER requires different assignments arranged preparing open doors for its officials. Presentation to various and assorted employments will give expansiveness to an officials information. Similarly as the Army Engineer changes to the Objective Fo rce to address the difficulties of the 21st century security condition, so too should the Army change its instruction framework to prepare and teach the pioneers who will order and control that power. The Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM) is the principal college in Malaysia that accommodated the countrys need in current military trainings change. The college is completely a military college. There are 11 courses that are offered and these are equalization of the fields in the board, sciences and building. In any case, beside the scholastics, the understudies however are evaluated through their military initiative and physical wellness. These progressions look to give the correct instruction in the correct medium to the correct pioneer at the perfect time and spot. The RER must have a capacity to peruse a changing circumstance and respond quickest. The aphorism â€Å"first in, last out †aptly applies to its centrality and appearance of its significance in supportingthe Army in releasing its jobs. During my short 17 years of armed force engineer understanding, Ive had the chance to present with a few unique pioneers. These pioneers all had comparable qualities, for example, vision, initiative, conclusiveness, specialized and strategic ability, knowledge and empathy. Ive taken bits and harmonies from every pioneer and shaped my own one of a kind administration style.A officer must be a spurred achiever with a â€Å"can do† mentality. RER commandants characteristics are shaped in a dynamic and consecutive arrangement of deliberately arranged preparing, instructive, and experiential. RER venture the board requires a multi-discipline center to organize the general needs of a task with dependence on others to give the specialized aptitude. RER officer must have the option to appoint authority and duty to other people and still hold center around the connecting procedure between disciplines. RER Commander can't turn out to be excessively engaged with itemized undertakings or assume control over the order they are instructed in, however should concentrate on the task destinations. 1.1.2 DEFINITION OF RER ENGINEERING PROJECT The RER venture incorporates both development and significant fix/upkeep venture. RER development venture is characterized as all military development work or any commitment approved important to deliver a total and useable office or a total and useable improvement to a current office. By and large, development incorporates: The erection, establishment or gathering of another office. The expansion, development, augmentation, change, movement, or substitution of a current office. Site arrangement, uncovering, filling, finishing, land enhancements, utility associations and introduced gear. Fix or upkeep venture intends to reestablish a genuine property office, framework or segment to such a condition, that it might adequately be utilized for its assigned utilitarian reason. While fixing an office, the parts of the office might be fixed by substitution and such substitution might be up to current principles or codes. RER venture practice might be development just or a blend of plan and development. A venture comprises of three parts: extension, financial plan and timetable. At the point when a venture originally doled out to an authority, it is significant that three of these segments be plainly characterized. Degree speaks to the work to be cultivated, for instance, the amount and nature of work. Spending alludes to expenses and timetable alludes to the coherent sequencing and timing of the work to be performed. The nature of an undertaking must meet the proprietors fulfillment and is an essential piece of venture the executives as outlined in figure 1. Figure 1 is appeared as a symmetrical triangle to speak to a significant guideline of RER venture the board. Any expansion in the extent of work

The Life, Work, and Theories of Sigmund Freud

The Life, Work, and Theories of Sigmund Freud History and Biographies Print The Life, Work, and Theories of Sigmund Freud By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 16, 2019 Keystone/Hulton Archive/Getty Images More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming In This Article Table of Contents Expand Freud's Life Freud's Major Theories Freud and Psychoanalysis Freud's Patients Major Works by Freud Freud's Perspectives Those Influenced by Freud View All Back To Top Psychologys most famous figure is also one of the most influential and controversial thinkers of the twentieth century. Sigmund Freuds work and theories helped shape our views of childhood, personality, memory, sexuality, and therapy. Other major thinkers have contributed work that grew out of Freuds legacy, while others developed new theories out of opposition to his ideas. In 2001, Time Magazine referred to Freud as one of the most important thinkers of the last century. A 2006 Newsweek article called him historys most debunked doctor. While his theories have been the subject of considerable controversy and debate, his impact on psychology, therapy, and culture is undeniable. As W.H. Auden wrote in his 1973 poem, In Memory of Sigmund Freud, if often he was wrong and, at times, absurd,to us he is no more a personnow but a whole climate of opinion. A Closer Look at Freuds Life Our exploration of his legacy begins with a look at his life and time. His experiences informed many of his theories, so learning more about his life and the times he lived in can lead to a deeper understanding of where his theory came from. Discover more about his life in this brief biography and timeline of his life, discover some of his most famous quotations, or take an in-depth photo tour of his life from birth to death. Freuds Major Theories Freuds theories were enormously influential, but subject to considerable criticism both now and during his own life. However, his ideas have become interwoven into the fabric of our culture, with terms such as Freudian slip, repression, and denial appearing regularly in everyday language. One of his most enduring ideas is the concept of the unconscious mind, which is a reservoir of thoughts, memories, and emotions that lie outside the awareness of the conscious mind. He also proposed that personality was made up of three key elements, the id, the ego, and the superego. Some other important Freudian theories include his concepts of life and death instincts, the theory of psychosexual development, and the mechanisms of defense.   Freud and Psychoanalysis His ideas had such a strong impact on psychology that an entire school of thought emerged from his work. While it was eventually replaced by the rise of behaviorism, psychoanalysis had a lasting impact on both psychology and psychotherapy. How Psychoanalysis Influenced the Field of Psychology Freuds Patients Throughout Freuds career, a number of his patients helped shape his theories and became well-known in their own right. Anna O, for example, was never actually a patient of Freuds. She was, however, a patient of Freuds colleague Josef Breuer. The two men corresponded often about Anna Os symptoms, eventually publishing a book exploring her case, Studies on Hysteria. It was through their work and correspondence that the technique known as talk therapy emerged.   Anna O. (aka Bertha Pappenheim)Little Hans (Herbert Graf)Dora (Ida Bauer)Rat Man (Ernst Lanzer)Wolf Man (aka Sergei Pankejeff) Major Works by Freud Freuds writings detail many of his major theories and ideas, including his personal favorite, The Interpretation of Dreams. [It] contains...the most valuable of all the discoveries it has been my good fortune to make. Insight such as this falls to ones lot but once in a lifetime, he explained. Some of his major books include: The Interpretation of DreamsThe Psychopathology of Everyday LifeTotem and TabooCivilization and Its DiscontentsThe Future is an Illusion Freuds Perspectives Freud wrote and theorized about a broad range of subjects including sex, dreams, religion, women, and culture. Learn more about some of Freud’s perspectives and how these views influenced his own theories. Freud and WomenFreud and Religion Psychologists Influenced by Freud In addition to his grand and far-reaching theories of human psychology, he also left his mark on a number of individuals who went on to become some of psychologys greatest thinkers. Some of the eminent psychologists who were influenced by Sigmund Freud include: Anna FreudAlfred AdlerCarl JungErik EriksonMelanie KleinErnst JonesOtto Rank While Freuds work is often dismissed today as non-scientific, there is no question that he had a tremendous influence not only on psychology but on the larger culture as well. Many of his ideas have become so steeped in the public awareness that we oftentimes forget that they have their origins in his psychoanalytic tradition.

Community Journalism as a Synonym for Small Town Newspapers

Literature Review: The notion of community journalism is hardly a new one. However, during the past decade, the concept gained much fascination and interest among industry analysts. The literature available on the topic points out that the reason behind this strong comeback of community journalism lies in the fact that most regions where the boom is taking place are undergoing a transitional phase that paved the way for this shift. The literature, however, refers to two trends in this matter: the first is the effect of economic transition on the reemergence of community journalism in countries such as the US and the UK, the second is the effect of political transition on the emergence of community journalism in countries such as South Africa. In other words, while the former example shows a rebirth of an old notion as a result of economic decline, the latter shows an adoption of the concept in the hope of facilitating political transition. Concerning the effect of economic transition, one theory is that the diminishing influence of larger newspapers (in the US and the UK) and the decline in number of their circulation allowed localized news outlets to flourish and become more prominent (Conhaim, 2006). During these times of financial troubles, local publications had the power to remain profitable by focusing on small target audiences, and offer unique, concentrated, localized content as their niche product. So in addition to succeeding in gaining financial prosperity,Show MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesDiablo Valley College; Kevin Galvin, East Los Angeles College; Jacquelyn Ann Kegley, California State University-Bakersfield; Darryl Mehring, University of Colorado at Denver; Dean J. Nelson, Dutchess Community College; James E. Parejko, Chicago State University; Robert Sessions, Kirkwood Community College; and Stephanie Tucker, California State University Sacramento. Thinking and writing about logical reasoning has been enjoyable for me, but special thanks go to my children, Joshua, 8, and JustineRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pageslearn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Editor in Chief: Eric Svendsen Acquisitions Editor: Kim Norbuta Editorial Project

Should Sports Doping Be Doping - 1578 Words

Doping in sports. At present, the problem of the use of doping by athletes is acute for professional sports. The solution of this task immediately entails chain of related questions: how to improve the system of doping control, what drugs to prohibit to use, what measures to show to athletes who violated the rules.But what do we know about doping, in addition, what do the media and the people profit from it? Looking at the situation of modern sports on the other hand, it can be argued that much more important is another risk: to dispel all myths surrounding the problem of using doping in sport and outline the reality.This paper will deal with operating principle of doping and the consequences of†¦show more content†¦But the real beginning of the modern era of doping should be considered 1935, when the injection testosterone was created. First used by Nazi doctors to increase the aggression of the soldiers, a little later he confidently entered the sport with the Olympic athl etes of Germany in 1936 at the Berlin Olympics. Later in 1955, physiologist John Ziegler developed a modified synthetic testosterone for the US national weightlifting team, it was Dianabol. The invented Dianabol soon became widely available and compulsory for weightlifters, football players, runners and sportsmen of sports game. The effect of the Dianabol is to increase protein synthesis and help the muscles recover faster after hard training(Muller 2,6). According to the definition of the Medical Commission of the International Olympic Committee, doping is the introduction into the body of athletes by any means (in the form of injections, pills, inhalation, etc. )of pharmacological drugs that artificially raise the working capacity and athletic performance. In addition, various kinds of manipulations with biological fluids, produced for the same purposes, are also referred to as doping. According to this definition, doping, a pharmacological preparation can be considered only if it or the products of its decay can be determined in body fluids (blood, urine) with a high degree of accuracy and reliability. Currently, the following 5 groups areShow MoreRelatedShould Sports Doping Be Banned?2190 Words   |  9 PagesDoping in Sports As Richard (Dick) Butkus once said, â€Å"There is a myth out there that somehow anabolic steroids can turn a cub into a bear. Steroids won’t make you tough and competitive. What they will do is ruin your health. It’s that simple.† The use of prohibited substances in sports has had a major timeline. Using drugs in sports goes back to ancient times. Prohibited substances are used in almost every single sport. Doping in sports is definitely a form of cheating. The athletes who use drugsRead MoreShould Blood Doping Be Illegal or Legal in Sports?1499 Words   |  6 Pagescreate ways to become the best in his/her competitive sports; especially when one have to use a lot of endurance and energy to win. In order to be the best you have to put in the work. Some athletes do it the hard way, such as eating healthy, exercising and training. Others use the easy way out, engaging with steroids, enhancements, and blood doping to get ahead of the competition. Many professiona l athletes have taken to the practice of blood doping in order to gain a competitive edge in their fieldRead MoreDoping Testing And Doping Tests1350 Words   |  6 PagesDoping dates back to ancient Greek where athletes took special diets to make themselves stronger. In the 19th Century, substances such as caffeine, alcohol and cocaine were used to enhance performance among long distance athletes. In 1904, for example, Thomas Hicks won the marathon by taking raw eggs, doses of brandy administered during the race and injections of strychnine. By the year 1920s, people realized that restrictions had to be created regarding the use of drugs in sports. In 1928, IAAFRead MoreUse of Steroids by Athletes Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pagesathletes said yes. As we can infer from the above survey, a large number of professional athletes are willing to risk their lives for the chance of victory and recognition. The controversy of doping in sports is centered on the use of drugs to increase speed, strength, intensity and endurance. Various sports regulating bodies such as the International Olympic Committee have banned certain performance-enhancing substances because of safety and fair play issues. However, many athletes feel that theyRead MoreThe Effects Of Blood Doping On Professional Sports1265 Words   |  6 PagesThe phenomenon of the blood doping in professional sports is not new; however, it remains prevalent in sports culture. With new techniques being designed to avoid detection, it could be argued that the prohibition of sports enhancing drugs in the professional sports mirror the prohibition of alcohol, making for unsafe, unsanitary and black market drug erupt. Instead of prohibition, could the professional sports community limitations in order to better allocate their money? There are great incentivesRead MoreDoping Testing Should Not Be Banned1669 Words   |  7 Pagesworld by â€Å"the Nazis because they needed aggressive soldiers†(Sports in America: Recreation, Business, Education,;Controversy., and Performance-enhancing Drugs). Doping was introduced into sports because people wanted to have an â€Å"extra advantage on their opponents†(Sports in America: Recreation, Business, Education,;Controversy., and Performance-enhancing Drugs). Drug testing was introduced to the world in 1968 at the Olympics (Sports in America: Recreation, Business, Education,;Controversy., andRead MorePro Doping in Sports Debate825 Words   |  4 Pagesof less risk and worse performance, what gives anyone the right to interfere with their choice? After all, if we should not forbid smokers from risking their health by smoking, why should we prohibit track stars or weightlifters from taking risks with their health in pursuit of their goals? -Robert Simon, PhD Professor of Philosophy at Hamilton College Fair Play: The Ethics of Sport 2003 Seeking an ‘Unfairâ₠¬â„¢ Advantage There is no coherent argument to support the view that enhancing performance isRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Steroids In Sports951 Words   |  4 PagesSteroids in sports has been one of the biggest controversial topics since 1904 when Olympic marathon runner, Thomas Hicks, used a mixture of brandy and strychnine and nearly died. However, the use of PED’s (performance enhancing drugs) dates all the back to 776 BC with the Ancient Greek athletes. In sports todays the question is whether or not these types of drugs should be banned from competition. In sports today it is all about entertaining the common people. Americans tune in every night to watchRead MoreBlood Doping : Can We Beat It?1347 Words   |  6 PagesBlood Doping: Can We Beat It? All humans, no matter what religion, skin color, age, or gender, have blood streaming through out our bodies. Blood rushes oxygen around the body, pulls carbon dioxide out of the body, sends white blood cells to fight illness and infection, is produced in the bone marrow, carries platelets and fibers that close up wounds, and comes in the types A, B, AB, and O, with type O being a universal blood donor. Blood is not just imperative, it is irreplaceable. Doctors canRead MoreDoping, Athletes and Sports Essay892 Words   |  4 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚   Doping can be strictly defined as the consumption of any substance (whether food or drug) to improve ones performance. This definition can be applied in a variety of situations, from college students drinking coffee in order to stay awake to athletes who take steroids to make them stronger. The problem with doping is where one draws the line. The drugs used in doping often have detrimental effects to ones health, both mental and physical. In t he short run these drugs improve ones performance

The Maternity Benefits Act Free Essays

THE MATERNITY BENEFITS ACT, 1961 BY SUSHMA SUDHINDRA 1. OBJECTIVE To regulate the employment of women in certain establishment for certain period before and after child-birth and to provide for maternity benefit and certain other benefits. To provide healthy maintenance of pregnant women employee and her child 2. We will write a custom essay sample on The Maternity Benefits Act or any similar topic only for you Order Now APPLICABILITY Every factory, mine or plantation(including those belonging to Government) To every shop or establishment wherein 10 or more persons are employed 3. TERMS OF EMPLOYMENT No employer shall knowingly employ a woman in any establishment during the 6 weeks immediately following the day of her delivery or her miscarriage. No woman shall work in any establishment during the 6 weeks immediately following the day of her delivery or her miscarriage. No pregnant woman shall, on a request being made by her in this behalf, be required by her employer to do any work which is of an arduous nature or which involves long hours of standing or which in any way is likely to interfere with her pregnancy or the normal development of the foetus, or is likely to cause her miscarriage or otherwise to adversely affect her health. The period referred to in sub-section (3) shall be – (a) at the period of 1 month immediately preceding the period of 6 weeks, before the date of her expected delivery; (b) any period during the said period of 6 weeks for which the pregnant woman does not avail of leave of absence. 4. PAYMENT OF THE MATERNITY BENEFITS Every woman shall be entitled to, and her employer shall be liable for, the payment of maternity benefit at the rate of the average daily wage for the period of her actual absence i. . immediately preceding and including the day of her delivery and any period following that day. The average daily wage means the average of the woman’s wages payable to her for the days on which she has worked during the period of 3 calendar months immediately preceding the date from which she absents herself on account of maternity, [the minimum rate of wage fixed or revised under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 (11 of 1948) or ten rupees, whichever is the highest]. PAYMENT OF THE MATERNITY BENEFITS No woman shall be entitled to maternity benefit unless she has actually worked in an establishment of the employer from whom she claims maternity benefit, for a period of not less than 80 days in the 12 months immediately preceding the date of her expected delivery provided that the qualifying period of 80 days aforesaid shall not apply to a woman who has immigrated into the State of Assam and was pregnant at the time of the immigration. For the purpose of calculating under the sub-section the days on which a woman has actually worked in the establishment [the days for which she has been laid off or was on holidays declared under any law for the time being in force to be holidays with wages] during the period of 12 months immediately preceding the date of her expected delivery shall be taken into account. PAYMENT OF THE MATERNITY BENEFITS The maximum period for which any woman shall be entitled to maternity benefit shall be 12 weeks of which not more than 6 weeks shall precede the date of her expected delivery provided that where a woman dies during this period, the maternity benefit shall be payable only for the days up to and including the day of her death: Provided further that where a woman, having been delivered of a child, dies during her delivery or during the period immediately following the date of her delivery for which she is entitled for the maternity benefit, leaving behind in either case the child, the employer shall be liable for the maternity benefit for that entire period but if the child also dies during the said period, then, for the days up to and including the date of the death of the child. 5. CONDITIONS FOR CLAIMING BENEFITS Must actually work for 80 days in 12 months immediately preceding her date of Delivery. Should intimate the employer 7 weeks before her delivery date about the leave period. Can take advance payment for 6 week leave before delivery Can take payment for 6 week leave after child birth within 48 hours after submitting the proof. 6. PAYMENT IN CASE OF DEATH OF THE WOMAN If a woman entitled to maternity benefit or any other amount under this Act, dies before receiving such maternity benefit or amount, or where the employer is liable for maternity benefit , the employer shall pay such benefit or amount to the person nominated by the woman in the notice given and in case there is no such nominee, to her legal representative. 7. PAYMENT OF MEDICAL BONUS Every woman entitled to maternity benefit under this act shall also be entitled to receive from her employer a medical bonus of 25 rupees, if no pre-natal confinement and postnatal care is provided for by the employer free of charge. 8. LEAVE FOR MISCARRIAGE In case of miscarriage, a woman shall, on production of such proof as may be prescribed, be entitled to leave with wages at the rate of maternity benefit for a period of 6 weeks immediately following the day of her miscarriage. 9. LEAVE FOR ILLNESS ARISING OUT OF PREGNANCY, DELIVERY, PREMATURE BIRTH OF CHILD, OR MISCARRIAGE A woman suffering illness arising out of pregnancy, delivery, premature birth of child or miscarriage shall, on production of such proof as may be prescribed, be entitled in addition to the period of absence allowed to her under section 6, or, as the case may be, under section 9, to leave with wages at the rate of maternity benefit for a maximum period of 1 month. 10. NURSING BREAKS Every woman delivered of a child who returns to duty after such delivery shall, in addition to the interval for rest allowed to her, be allowed in the course of her daily work 2 breaks of the prescribed duration for nursing the child until the child attains the age of 15 months. 11. DISMISSAL DURING ABSENSE OR PREGNANCY (1) Where a woman absents herself from work in accordance with the provisions of this Act, it shall be unlawful for her employer to discharge or dismiss her during or on account of such absence or to give notice of discharge or dismissal on such a day that the notice will expire during such absence, or to vary to her disadvantage any of the conditions of her service. 2) (a) The discharge or dismissal of a woman at any time during her pregnancy, if the woman but for such discharge of dismissal would have been entitled to maternity benefit or medical bonus referred to in section 8, shall not have the effect of depriving her of the maternity benefit or medical bonus: Pro vided that where the dismissal is for any prescribed gross misconduct the employer may, by order in writing communicated to the woman, deprive her of the maternity benefit or medical bonus or both. (b) Any woman deprived of maternity benefit or medical bonus or both may, within sixty days from the date on which the order of such deprivation is communicated to her, appeal to such authority as may be prescribed, and the decision of that authority on such appeal, whether the woman should or should not be deprived of maternity benefits or medical bonus or both, shall be final. (c) Nothing contained in this sub-section shall affect the provisions contained in subsection(1). 12. NO DEDUCTION OF WAGES IN CERTAIN CASES No deduction from the normal and usual daily wages of a woman entitled to maternity benefit under the provisions of this Act shall be made by reason only of – (a) the nature of work assigned to her by virtue of the provisions contained in subsection (3) of section 4 : or (b) breaks for nursing the child allowed to her under the provisions of section 11. 13. APPOINTMENT OF INSPECTORS The appropriate Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint such officers as it thinks fit to by Inspectors for the purposes of this Act and may define the local limits of the jurisdiction within which they shall exercise their function under this Act. 14. POWERS AND DUTIES OF INSPECTORS An Inspector may, subject to such restrictions or conditions as may be prescribed, exercise all or any of the following powers, namely: (a) enter at all reasonable times with such assistants, if any, being persons in the service of the Government or any local or other public authority as he thinks fit, any premises or place where women are employed or work is given to them in an establishment, for the purposes or examining any registers, records and notices required to be kept or exhibited by or under this Act and require their production for inspection; (b) examine any person whom he finds in any premises or place and who, he has reasonable cause to believe, is employed in the establishment: Provided that no person shall be compelled under this section to answer any question or give any evidence tending to incriminate himself: (c) require the employer to give information regarding the names and addresses of women employed, payments made to them, and applications or notices received from them under this Act; and (d) take copies of any registers and records or notices or any portions thereof. 15. POWER OF INSPECTOR TO DIRECT PAYMENTS TO BE MADE (1) Any woman claiming that maternity benefit or any other amount to which she is entitled under this Act and any person claiming that payment due under section 7 has been improperly withheld, may make a complaint to the inspector. 2) The Inspector may, of his own motion or on receipt of a complaint referred to in subsection (1), make an enquiry or cause an inquiry to be made and if satisfied that payment has been wrongfully withheld, may direct the payment to be made in accordance with his orders. (3) Any person aggrieved by the decision of the Inspector under sub-section (2) may, within thirty days from the date on which such decision is communicated to such person, appeal to the prescribed authority. (4) The decision of the prescribed authority where an appeal has been preferred to it under sub-section (3) or of the In spector where no such appeal has been preferred, shall be final. 5) Any amount payable under these sections shall be recoverable as an arrear of lane revenue. 16. FORFEITURE OF MATERNITY BENEFIT If a woman works in any establishment after she has been permitted by her employer to absent herself under the provisions of section 6 for any period during such authorized absence, he shall forfeit her claim to the maternity benefit for such period. 17. ABSTRACTS OF ACT AND RULES THERE UNDER TO BE EXHIBITED An abstract of the provisions of this Act and the rules made there under in the language or languages of the locality shall be exhibited in a conspicuous place by the employer in every part of the establishment in which women are employed. 18. REGISTERS, ETC. Every employer shall prepare and maintain such registers, records and muster-rolls and in such manner as may be prescribed. 19. PENALTY FOR CONTRAVENTION OF ACT BY EMPLOYERS If any employer contravenes the provisions of this Act or the rules made there under he shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both; and where the contravention is of any provision regarding maternity benefit or regarding payment of any other amount and such maternity benefit or amount has not already been recovered, the court shall in addition recover such maternity benefit or amount as if it were a fine, and pay the same to the person entitled thereto. 20. PENALTY FOR OBSTRUCTING INSPECTOR Whoever fails to produce on demand by the Inspector any register or document in his custody kept in pursuance of this Act or the rules made there under or conceals or prevents any person from appearing before or being examined by an Inspector, shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to 3 months, or with fine which may extend to 500 rupees or with both. 21. PROTECTION OF ACTION TAKEN IN GOOD FAITH No suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie against any person for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done in pursuance of this Act or of any rule or order made there under. 22. POWER OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT TO GIVE DIRECTIONS The Central Government may give such directions as it may deem necessary to a State Government regarding the carrying into execution the provisions of this Act and the State Government shall comply with such directions. 23. EFFECT OF LAWS AND AGREEMENTS INCONSISTENT WITH THIS ACT (1) The provisions of this Act shall have effect notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith contained in any other law or in the terms of any award, agreement or contract of service, whether made before or after the coming into force of this Act: Provided that where under any such award, agreement, contract of service or otherwise, a woman is entitled to benefits in respect of any matter which are more favourable to her than those to which she would be entitled under this Act, the woman shall continue to be entitled to the more favourable benefits in respect of that matter, notwithstanding that she is entitled to receive benefit in respect of other matters under this Act. (2) Nothing contained in this Act shall be construed to preclude a woman from entering into an agreement with her employer for granting her rights or privileges in respect of any matter, which are more favourable to her than those to which she would be en titled under this Act. QUESTIONS Thank You!!! How to cite The Maternity Benefits Act, Papers

Where and how are these moods created Essay Example For Students

Where and how are these moods created? Essay In Act 1 Scene 5 there is a sense of excitement and romance but also an undercurrent of danger. Where and how are these moods created? How do they affect the audiences feelings about the characters at this point in the play? How does this scene point towards later events in the play? Act 1 Scene 5 begins with a frantic mood. This shows a sense of excitement. The servants are rushing around in organised chaos, preparing for Capulets party. This creates an active atmosphere and is continued by Capulet welcoming the guests. Welcome gentlemen, ladies that have their toes unplagued with corns, will walk about you: ah, my mistresses, which of you all will now deny me to dance? She that makes dainty, she Ill swear hath corns: am I come near you now? Capulet is in a jovial mood as he jokes and encourages guests to dance. Here the audience become slightly more partial to Capulets character and the audience begins to see Capulet as a pleasurable gentleman. The audience feels a sense of romance when Romeo gives his description of Juliets incredible beauty. O she doth teach the torches to burn bright: it seems she hangs upon the cheek of night, as a rich jewel in an Ethiops ear: beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear: so she shows a snowy dove trooping with crows, as yonder lady oer her fellows shows. In this description Romeo announces how his love for Juliet is definite and strong. He forgets his love for Rosalind in an instant, which makes the audience question the depth of his emotion for his former lover. The mood changes when Tybalt overhears Romeos words about Juliet and recognises his voice. This by his voice should be a Montague. Fetch me my rapier boy. Tybalt instantly asks for a sword, this is a sign of violence, which highlights Tybalts fiery temper. Tybalt feels Romeo is casting shame on the Capulet family: to fleer and scorn at our solemnity. And sees it as his duty to protect his family and To strike him dead. Tybalts headstrong rage is abruptly halted bye his uncle, Capulet, questioning his temper. Why how now kinsman, wherefore storm you so? The merry host keeps his jovial mood and tolerates his nephews intemperate bluster, not wanting anything to spoil his grand party. Tybalt becomes even more enraged when his uncle speaks well of Romeo saying Verona brags of him. His uncles words are almost blasphemous to Tybalt, praising the son of a sworn enemy and lifelong hate. When Tybalt refuses to back down Capulet instantaneously loses his temper and shows how both himself and Tybalt are related in their temper span. Tybalt accepts defeat to his uncles authority, but vows revenge on Romeo. I will withdraw, but this intrusion now seeming sweet, convert to bittrest gall. This couplet ends the section with a feeling of danger and anticipation towards how Tybalt shall follow his words through. The dangerous mood of the previous section of the scene is totally twisted. When Romeo and Juliet make acquaintance their conversation makes a sonnet. This extremely romantic tool creates an entirely different mood to the previous encounter of Capulet and Tybalt. The whole sonnet is based around the flirtation of the young couple. It holds biblical imagery Have not saints lips and holy palmers too? which is holy and devout, making them seem apart from the rest of the party as they create their own rhyming sonnet. When Juliet is more than capable of responding to Romeos advances, the audience see how well suited the couple are, making the mood even more romantic. But the moment is short lived as the nurse interrupts. The nurse is the character that breaks the news to Romeo, telling him Her mother is the lady of the house. When the concept of his enemys daughter being his new love eventually daunts on Romeo he says O dear account! My life is my foes debt. Similarly to Romeo, Juliet expresses her feelings of deep sorrow when the nurse tells her that the man she courts with is a Montague. Juliet says, My only love sprung from my only hate. This sets a disappointing mood for the audience, the great taboo of love and hate changes the whole tone of the play. .uf97e45497254a8c97dd8b2795d171500 , .uf97e45497254a8c97dd8b2795d171500 .postImageUrl , .uf97e45497254a8c97dd8b2795d171500 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf97e45497254a8c97dd8b2795d171500 , .uf97e45497254a8c97dd8b2795d171500:hover , .uf97e45497254a8c97dd8b2795d171500:visited , .uf97e45497254a8c97dd8b2795d171500:active { border:0!important; } .uf97e45497254a8c97dd8b2795d171500 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf97e45497254a8c97dd8b2795d171500 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf97e45497254a8c97dd8b2795d171500:active , .uf97e45497254a8c97dd8b2795d171500:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf97e45497254a8c97dd8b2795d171500 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf97e45497254a8c97dd8b2795d171500 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf97e45497254a8c97dd8b2795d171500 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf97e45497254a8c97dd8b2795d171500 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf97e45497254a8c97dd8b2795d171500:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf97e45497254a8c97dd8b2795d171500 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf97e45497254a8c97dd8b2795d171500 .uf97e45497254a8c97dd8b2795d171500-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf97e45497254a8c97dd8b2795d171500:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What aspects of responsibility are apparent in the Short play An inspector Calls EssayNear the end of the scene Juliets words create an omen of her own death when she asks the nurse Go ask him his name, if he be married, my grave is like to be my wedding bed. This also creates a mood of anticipation, as the audience have no clue of what to make of this declaration. The three emotions of excitement, romance and danger are all intertwined throughout the play of Romeo and Juliet. In this scene the cause dynamic effects on the audience and the rest of the play.

32 Famous Basketball Quotes

32 Famous Basketball Quotes Some say it is just another ball game. However, basketball enthusiasts swear that the game is the purpose of life. While both views are extreme, you cannot help being intrigued by the genuine fanaticism of the fans. Read these famous basketball quotes. Maybe, in these famous basketball quotes, you will find the purpose of life. You can read inspirational basketball quotes to take you forward in the game of life. Jason Kidd A lot of late nights in the gym, a lot of early mornings, especially when your friends are going out, youre going to the gym, those are the sacrifices that you have to make if you want to be an NBA basketball player. Magic Johnson Ask not what your teammates can do for you. Ask what you can do for your teammates. Elgin Baylor Coaching is easy. Winning is the hard part. Michael Jordan Even when Im old and grey, I wont be able to play it, but Ill still love the game. Obstacles dont have to stop you. If you run into a wall, dont turn around and give up. Figure out how to climb it, go through it, or work around it. Some people want it to happen, some wish it would happen, others make it happen. Talent wins games, but teamwork and intelligence wins championships. The game is my wife. It demands loyalty and responsibility, and it gives me back fulfillment and peace. Ive missed more than 9000 shots in my career. Ive lost almost 300 games. Twenty six times, Ive been trusted to take the game winning shot and missed. Ive failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed. I would tell players to relax and never think about whats at stake. Just think about the basketball game. If you start to think about who is going to win the championship, youve lost your focus. Wilt Chamberlain Everybody pulls for David, nobody roots for Goliath. Kobe Bryant Everything negative pressure, challenges are all an opportunity for me to rise. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Great players are willing to give up their own personal achievement for the achievement of the group. It enhances everybody. I can accept failure, but I cant accept not trying. I think someone should explain to the child that its ok to make mistakes. Thats how we learn. When we compete, we make mistakes. Ive had enough success for two lifetimes, my success is talent put together with hard work and luck. Dennis Rodman I couldnt care less if the guy Im guarding has HIV. Im going to slam him anyway. Julius Erving I think that my God-given physical attributes, big hands, and big feet, the way that Im built, proportion-wise, just made basketball the most inviting sport for me to play. If you dont do whats best for your body, youre the one who comes up on the short end. Larry Bird Once you are labeled the best you want to stay up there, and you cant do it by loafing around. If I dont keep changing, Im history. Push yourself again and again. Dont give an inch until the final buzzer sounds. Ive got a theory that if you give 100 percent all of the time, somehow things will work out in the end. Leadership is diving for a loose ball, getting the crowd involved, getting other players involved. Its being able to take it as well as dish it out. Thats the only way youre going to get respect from the players. James Naismith The invention of basketball was not an accident. It was developed to meet a need. Those boys simply would not play Drop the Handkerchief. Jerry West You cant get much done in life if you only work on the days when you feel good. Charles Barkley If you are afraid of failure you dont deserve to be successful! Elgin Baylor If you look up the definition of greatness in the dictionary, it will say Michael Jordan. Isiah Thomas If you want consistency, then you perform. This is a performance job. You get paid to perform. Your money is guaranteed, but your minutes are not. My greatest gift that I have in life is basketball. Pete Maravich Love never fails. Character never quits. And with patience and persistence, dreams do come true. Shaquille ONeal Me shooting 40% at the foul line is just Gods way to say nobodys perfect. Kevin Johnson No matter what you say, you can have as many receivers as you want; there are enough balls to go around.

A History of Adinkra Symbols

A History of Adinkra Symbols Adinkra is a cotton cloth produced in Ghana and Cà ´te dIvoire which has traditional Akan symbols stamped upon it. The adinkra symbols represent popular proverbs and maxims, record historical events, express particular attitudes or behavior related to depicted figures, or concepts uniquely related to abstract shapes. It is one of several traditional cloths produced in the region. The other well-known cloths are kente and adanudo. The symbols were often linked with a proverb, so they convey more meaning than a single word. Robert Sutherland  Rattray compiled a list of 53 adinkra symbols in his book, Religion and Art in Ashanti, in 1927. The History of Adinkra Cloth and Symbols The Akan people (of what is now Ghana and Cà ´te dIvoire) had developed significant skills in weaving by the sixteenth century, with Nsoko (present-day Begho) being an important weaving center. Adinkra, originally produced by the Gyaaman clans of the Brong region, was the exclusive right of royalty and spiritual leaders, and only used for important ceremonies such as funerals. Adinkra means goodbye. During a military conflict at the beginning of the nineteenth century, caused by the Gyaaman trying to copy the neighboring Asantes golden stool (the symbol of the Asante nation), the Gyaaman king was killed. His adinkra robe was taken by Nana Osei Bonsu-Panyin, the  Asante Hene  (Asante King), as a trophy. With the robe came the knowledge of adinkra aduru (the special ink used in the printing process) and the process of stamping the designs onto cotton cloth. Over time the Asante further developed adinkra symbology, incorporating their own philosophies, folk tales, and culture. Adinkra symbols were also used on pottery, metalwork (especially  abosodee), and are now incorporated into modern commercial designs (where their related meanings give added significance to the product), architecture and sculpture. Adinkra Cloth Today Adinkra cloth is more widely available today, although the traditional methods of production are very much in use. The traditional ink (adinkra aduru) used for stamping is obtained by boiling the bark of the Badie tree with iron slag. Because the ink is not fixed, the material should not be washed. Adinkra cloth is used in Ghana for special occasions such as weddings and initiation rites. Note that African fabrics often differ between those made for local use and those that are exported. The cloth for local use is usually replete with hidden meanings or local proverbs, allowing locals to make particular statements with their costume. Those fabrics produced for overseas markets tend to use more sanitized symbology. Use of Adinkra Symbols You will find adinkra symbols on many exported items, such as furniture, sculpture, pottery, t-shirts, hats and other clothing items in addition to fabric. Another popular use of the symbols is for tattoo art. You should further research the meaning of any symbol before deciding to use it for a tattoo to ensure it conveys the message you desire.

Case Study Based Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Case Study Based Report - Essay Example Samsung electronics was a brand that was known for producing cheap products. It used to make black and white television and calculators from the year 1969 to 1990. But then things started to change. Samsung unveiled a new strategy called â€Å"new management† which was a top to bottom strategy for the whole company. In the year 2009, Samsung reached a revenue of $117 billion with profit of $8.3 billion. Inter-brand selected Samsung as the fastest growing brand for a time span of more than five years. Samsung electronics became one of the leading producers of semiconductors. Samsung became one of the largest consumer electronic conglomerates in the world. As a brand, Samsung also got listed in the list of Fortune Magazine’s hundred largest global corporations. ... Hence, the main focus should be on as to what are the factors that led to such a massive transformation. Based on the case analysis it can be figured out that the Top to bottom strategy adopted by Lee Byung Chull had three important factors that were instrumental is providing strategic direction to the company. The three main factors happened to be the new product development process, adoption of product test marketing and positioning strategy of the products (Czinzota, Ronkainen, Moffett, Marinova & Marinov, 2009, pp. 423-429). New Product development focus Samsung hired some new fresh young designers to get a set of fresh ideas. These designers unleashed a surge of new products. The product development team focused on producing sleek, beautiful and bold products to target high end user in terms of product quality. The difference with the past was that the team was not looking to produce â€Å"me-too† products. The concentration of the company on new product development, exis ting product improvement and overall R&D was the key (Henry, 2008, p. 89). Adoption of the test marketing concept Product test marketing is an actually one of the steps of the new product development. In order to be a really â€Å"Wow† product each and every product produced by the company started going through market testing. Products that did not a get â€Å"Wow† feedback from the customers went back to the design lab. Samsung started conducting integrated tests of the products as well as the total marketing program including branding, advertising, distribution, packaging, segmentation, targeting, positioning at each and every marketing and budgeting levels. This helped the management to get valuable information regarding the â€Å"go or no go

History Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

History - Term Paper Example New Confucianism became the dominant political ideology for nearly 1,000 years to come. In fact, the rise of money economy along with new systems of landholding and taxation that took over in the middle of the Song Dynasty changed the Chinese economy throughout its history† (232). During the Song Dynasty, â€Å"the severe restrictions on women began to appear, and with the rise of Neo-Confucianism, women’s roles began to diminish and to receive strict definition. The boundary of activities for women revolved merely within the family’s needs† (Tierney, 232). II. Discussion â€Å"The feudal China made women more submissive to men† (Fan, 196). It was during this time women stayed at home, took care of the household chores, bear children, reared and nurtured them. â€Å"This became the most significant role of women who were merely associated as men’s attachments, slaves and possessions† (Fan, 196). â€Å"Footbinding became the ultimate to ol to deny women the physical expression of freedom† (Fan, 196). It became a symbol of oppression as women because victims of physical and psychological abuses. â€Å"More often than not, a woman accepted her own physical castration and acknowledged herself as inferior and accepted the negative roles of femininity. Footbinding was therefore the pre-eminent symbol of sexual oppression† (Fan, 196). The late nineteenth century was the period when anti-footbinding campaigns began in China. It was during the visit of Helen Snow to Yan’an in 1939 when she noticed that most of the women in that area, including peasants had bound feet. It was during this time when equality between men and women was declared by women’s associations. The rationale behind the practice of foot-binding among Chinese women is that â€Å"it marked the beginning of the womanhood of a young girl† (Rosanlee, 143). It became a family affair and not just a private occasion as the mothe r of the young girl sought the â€Å"divine blessings prior to the commencement of footbinding† (Rosanlee, 143). It became a part of the family’s heritage, as the â€Å"technique of footbinding varied not just from different regions, but from different families as well, and was sort of knowledge and work that was passed on from mothers to daughters and from aunts to nieces† (Rosanlee, 143). â€Å"Correct attire was a sign of civility of Wen, the woman’s needlework and artifacts, whose meaning encompasses not only literary patterns of artifacts and clothing† (Rosanlee, 144). In the seventeenth century, â€Å"footbinding in China was regarded as: First: an expression of Chinese wen civility; Second: a marker of ethnic boundaries separating the Han from the Manchu; and Third: an ornament of the body that is the correct concealment of the female body† (Rosanlee, 144). III. Conclusion Chiu Chin became a symbol of freedom and liberation among Chin ese women. â€Å"Towards the end of her short life, she became one of the most passionate and influential among revolutionaries and was beheaded by the still-ruling Manchus when she was only 31 years of age. Before her death, she fought valiantly for the rights of the women, the poor and the oppressed†

Is General Will Compatible With Individual Freedom Politics Essay

Is General Will Compatible With Individual Freedom Politics Essay Jean-Jacque Rousseau wrote at a time before great social and political change in Europe. His texts remain one of the classic concepts of political theory. His writings have been thought of by many as, the bible for the French Revolution for his foresight and perhaps predictions for the violence and terror that followed. His text, The Social Contract (1762) is made up of 4 books. In Books 1 and 2 he aimed to address the problem of political morality and the theory of institutions in Books 3 and 4. Rousseau was a defender of democracy, an advocate for individual liberty and an egalitarian. Rousseau begins with the famous opening lines, Men are born free, yet everywhere are in chains He starts by explaining the way in which men are bound to the chains of civil society which restrain the natural right of man to an objective independent freedom. He believed that civil society does not give man the freedom, liberty and equality that were promised to him when joining society. Rousseau believed that the only way to prevent these shackles from becoming uncomfortable would be by the collective creation of a body in society forming a single will, the general will. When answering the question it is important to understand the idea of the rule of the general will to see if it is compatible with the freedom of the individual. The general will is expressed by the sovereign (either an individual with a unified will or a collective body in society). The definition and purpose of this general will is to act in the needs and desires of the collective and to sustain the common good for all people. Rousseau explains, The English people believed itself to be free. It is greatly mistaken; it is free only during the election of the members of Parliament. Once they are elected, the populace is enslaved; it is nothing . To Rousseau the idea of the general will is one of free debate in an assembly of individuals and equals of what is of common interest. In Chapter 15 of Book 3 he puts forward the idea that sovereignty cannot be represented, because it consists of the general will and the general will cannot be represented . J. Plamenatz (1992) gives this reason for Rousseaus argument for direct as apposed to representative democracy. Every citizen in Rousseaus ideal society should make the laws themselves and not entrust this job in the places of others. This was Rousseaus third principle. In essence general will gives every individual in the collective the freedom to vote how he pleases in the assembly and ultimately everyone has a say in the running of the society as the democracy is direct. However, Rousseau retains that general will should not be the desire of the individual will, but what will be beneficial for everyone. Rousseau also believed that whoever went against obeying the general will ought to be enforced to do so by the whole body. This means nothing other than that he shall be forced to be free . What Rousseau means by this is that by people having the obligation to adhere to the social contract and by having to receive the benefit of the general will, theyre gaining freedom. This is in contrast to Hobbes and Locke who believed laws were created to stop us wandering from the path of civil obedience and referred to as hedges. Rousseau asserts that it is the process of law making that sets us free. His key argument was that if we are the authors of the law then we could manifest our own freedom and independence. According to Rousseau we are all born free and have the capacity to be free but to achieve this Rousseau believed we have to build a social government that does not enslave us. It could be argued that Rousseaus idea of the rule of the general will, is compatible with the freedom of the individual. This is because Rousseau described the notion of there being 2 different types of freedom. There is social freedom and a personal freedom. He also refers to personal freedom as the state of nature. Rousseau said that freedom was only reachable when the populace obeyed the laws it set itself. J. Plamenatz (1992) describes this by explaining ideally we would say, I alone have made the law that I obey but that this is impossible and instead the most we can hope for is that each should say, I obey the law that we have made rather than I obey the law that they have made. This ideal is that every citizen should identify himself with the community that makes the law . Rousseau bellied that the ab ility to follow these rules and laws would only be possible once one recognised themselves as a part and member of the community of lawmakers. Rousseau had previously discussed the first explanatory problem of the origins of how we became unfree, when we are born naturally free in the state of nature. He wrote about this in Discourse on the Origin of Inequality (1755). It is in The Social Contract (1762) that he explained the second problem, the justificatory problem and suggested an answer. Rousseau asserted that power only becomes legitimate once the people consent to it and. He said, Each of us puts his person and all his power in common under the supreme direction of the general will; and in a body we receive each member as an indivisible part of the whole In conclusion, Iain Hampsher-Monk writes in A History of Modern Polticial Thought that, part of the main, objective of the general will, therefore is its constant tendency to equality . He says that the notion of obeying ourselves is a difficult one to understand, however he explains that in this way of setting and obeying our own rules, tyranny can be guarded against . Whilst some scholars have regarded Rousseaus political thought as pointing towards totalitarianism, (as he advocates complete subservience to the state) many others regard him as a firm liberal and a defender of freedom and equality. For this reason it is believed that Rousseaus idea of the rule of the general will is compatible with the freedom of the individual, as in Rousseaus state; the popular sovereignty effectively governs themselves by legitimising the chains of society and reconciling sovereignty , freedom and authority.

An Analysis of Anti-technology Themes in The Machine Stops and WALL-E E

In 1909 E.M. Forster wrote the ground-breaking short story â€Å"The Machine Stops†, it foretold of a dystopian society where mankind entrusted itself to a machine which took care of al their wants and needs, and ultimately lead to their demise. In Forster’s â€Å"The Machine Stops†, he illustrates the need for man to become less dependent on machines and technology for their livelihoods and life in general. In Disney’s â€Å"WALL-E† we se many of these themes again. In both cases humans have become so inept at taking care of themselves that the loss of the machine or machines that care for them would be catastrophic and deadly. Humans have invested so much trust and power into these machines that they no longer have any real control, in addition their dependence on technology has severely distanced them from nature and more importantly their own human nature. In both stories one of the major themes is the autonomy of the â€Å"Machine†, and the lack of control the humans have over them. In â€Å"The Machine Stops† this theme is best illustrated through the â€Å"Mending Apparatus† (Reader, 153), it automatically â€Å"mends† any problem it sees, including retrieving Kuno when he ventures to the surface as well as killing one of the surface dwellers who â€Å"was entangled by the worms, and, †¦, was killed by one of them piercing her throat.†. This shows the ruthless autonomy of the machine. Later in the story we see how little the people who inhabit â€Å"The Machine† have over it, when it begins to break down, they have so little understanding o its workings that they are powerless to fix it, without the â€Å"Mending Apparatus† to fix â€Å"The Machine† they are unable to save themselves. In Disney’s â€Å"WALL-E† the ship aboard which the humans are living is c ontroll... ...oth depictions people communicate almost exclusively through machines, in â€Å"The Machine Stops† face to face contact is rare and essentially feared. In â€Å"WALL-E† people are shown talking to each other on screens while they are right next to each other and they seem completely lost when it comes to face to face conversations. In conclusion, â€Å"The Machine Stops† and â€Å"WALL-E† both use anti-technological themes to illustrate the dangers of technological advance, in particular our dependence on machines and technology for our survival. They showed that the combination of a dependence on an autonomous and out-of-control machine, a disconnection from nature, and an extreme loss of humanity can have disastrous consequences for us and our society. The question now is whether or not we can learn from these works and works like these and prevent a dark and inhuman future.

Argumentative Reflection War Essay

Nobody likes war; it is so costly in so many ways. Lives are lost, property is destroyed, people are injured and some are disabled mentally and physically. Because of this many people think war must be avoided at all costs. All these facts regarding the high cost of war on a country are true. On the other hand there are situations in which a nation has an obligation to go to war. Their were many times in the United States history when the decision to enter a war was in question. World War II was a time when people were arguing about whether or not the United States should enter a war against Germany, Japan and their allies. When this war started WWI was still fresh in people’s memories. The citizens knew how bad war could be. Many people felt that these new problems were not the United States problems and war should be avoided. Author Jon Bridgman tells us in an article in the Seattle Post- Intelligencer â€Å"The nation was deeply and bitterly divided on the question of our participation in the war. American isolationists felt that the war in Europe and Asia was not our problem and that we should stay out of it†. Of course other people knew that war was going to come, because Germany and Japan were proving they wanted to take over the world. The argument was settled by Japan. There sneak attack on Pearl Harbor solved the argument. They forced us into the war. The attack they made in Pearl Harbor was a direct attack on the United States military and a direct attack on United States land. Now US citizens knew it was all out war for the countries survival. On September 11, 2001 the US was again attacked. This time it wasn’t by another country but by terrorists. It was similar to the Pearl Harbor attack because Americans were surprised and thousands of people lost their lives. The big difference was that the attack was not done by a country but by terrorists from many different countries. The citizens of the United States pretty much agreed that this was an evil act and that the terrorists needed to be stopped so that they could not attack again. The problem was that it was not a country that attacked but a terrorist group hiding and spread out across several countries. Who could the United States blame and hold responsible for the attacks? President George Bush immediately blamed Afghanistan and later Iraq for letting terrorists use their countries to train and operate. He felt these countries should be attacked so terrorists could be stopped. The President sent our troops to Afghanistan and the troops were successful in that area and then President Bush decided the US needed to invade Iraq. This is when the argument about going to war in another country was the United States concern. A lot of people had heard that, Saddam Hussein, the leader of Iraq was a supporter of terrorists and also a threat to the world. The argument about attacking Iraq was big. If you look b ack to 2003 when people were arguing this you can see that their was enough people who wanted to go to war. Nicholas Lemann wrote in an article in the New Yorker magazine that â€Å"Everyone agrees that Saddam Hussein is truly evil, everyone agrees he has weapons of mass destruction†. On the other side of the argument many countries and people disagreed with attacking Iraq. Many inspections done by the United Nations could not find weapons of mass destruction. President Bush eventually convinced the United States Congress that Iraq was dangerous and the US army attacked Iraq. It turned out after a tough fight, the United States military could not find any weapons of mass destruction. A report in the Washington Post said â€Å"The new report from the Iraq Survey Group has confirmed beyond any reasonable doubt what most people have assumed for the past year: At the time of the 2003 U.S. invasion, Iraq did not possess weapons of mass destruction, and most of its programs to produce them were dormant.† The United States was wrong about the weapons. Even though the pro- war people were wrong about the weapons of mass destruction they felt that they were stopping a horrible dictator who could have been a big threat in the future. At least the army fought terrorists because as the war dragged on the United States did eventually find itself fighting terrorists because many terrorists came to Iraq to face the United States army. Lionel Beehner reported in the Backgrounder magazine that â€Å"Large-scale suicide attacks in Iraq are up in recent months, demonstrating that al-Qaeda in Iraq and its homegrown affiliates remain a potent force.† In both of these cases the United States went to war to provide safety for United States citizens. In both these cases the United States was attacked. In both these case people debated and argued about going to war .Yes many people were killed and injured but these examples show that there is definitely situations when a country is obligated to go to war. Works Cited John Bridgman â€Å"Lessons learned from two days of infamy† Seattle Post -Intelligencer Sunday December 2, 2001 Nicholas Lemann â€Å" How It Came To War† The New Yorker March 31, 2003 Editorial â€Å"Weapons That Weren’t There† The Washington Post October 7,2004 Lionel Beehner â€Å"Al-Qaeda in Iraq: Resurging or Splintering? Backgrounder

Biography of John Calico Jack Rackham, Famed Pirate

John Calico Jack Rackham (Dec. 26, 1682–Nov. 18, 1720) was a pirate who sailed in the Caribbean and off the Southeastern coast of the United States during the so-called Golden Age of Piracy (1650-1725). Rackham was not one of the more successful pirates, and most of his victims were fishermen and lightly armed traders. Nevertheless, he is remembered by history, mostly because two female pirates, Anne Bonny and Mary Read, served under his command. He was captured, tried, and hanged in 1720. Little is known about his life before he became a pirate, but it is certain that he was English. Fast Facts: John Rackham Known For: Famed British pirate who sailed in the Caribbean and the southeastern coast of the United StatesAlso Known As: Calico Jack, John Rackam, John RackumBorn: Dec. 26, 1682 in EnglandDied: Nov. 18, 1720 Port Royal,  JamaicaNotable Quote: I am sorry to see you here, but if you had fought like a man, you neednt be hanged like a dog.  (Anne Bonny to Rackham, who was in prison after he had decided to surrender to pirate hunters instead of fighting.) Early Life John Rackham, who earned the nickname Calico Jack because of his taste for clothes made of brightly colored Indian Calico cloth, was an up-and-coming pirate during the years when piracy was rampant in the Caribbean and Nassau was the capital of a pirate kingdom of sorts. He had been serving under renowned pirate Charles Vane in the early part of 1718 and rose to the rank of quartermaster. When Gov. Woodes Rogers arrived in July 1718 and offered royal pardons to pirates, Rackham refused and joined the die-hard pirates led by Vane. He shipped out with Vane and led a life of piracy in spite of the increasing pressure put on them by the new governor. Gets First Command In November 1718, Rackham and about 90 other pirates were sailing with Vane when they engaged a French warship. The warship was heavily armed, and Vane decided to run for it in spite of the fact that most of the pirates, led by Rackham, were in favor of fighting. Vane, as captain, had the final say in battle, but the men removed him from command shortly thereafter. A vote was taken and Rackham was made the new captain. Vane was marooned with some 15 other pirates who had supported his decision to run. Captures the Kingston In December, he captured the merchant ship Kingston. The Kingston was carrying valuable cargo and Rackham and his men would have had a big payday. However, they seized the ship just off of Port Royal, and the merchants impacted by the theft hired bounty hunters to pursue Rackham and his crew. The bounty hunters found the pirates in February  1719 at Isla de los Pinos, now called Isla de la Juventud, situated just south of Cubas western end. Most of the pirates, including Rackham himself, were ashore when the bounty hunters discovered their ship. They took refuge in the woods as the bounty hunters left with their ship and its treasure. Steals a Sloop In his 1722 classic a General History of the Pyrates, Capt. Charles Johnson tells the exciting story of how Rackham stole a sloop. Rackham and his men were at a town in Cuba, refitting their small sloop, when a Spanish warship charged with patrolling the Cuban coast entered the harbor, along with a small English sloop they had captured. The Spanish warship saw the pirates but could not get at them at low tide, so they parked in the harbor entrance to wait for morning. That night, Rackham and his men rowed over to the captured English sloop and overpowered the Spanish guards there. As dawn broke, the warship began blasting Rackhams old ship, now empty, as Rackham and his men silently sailed past in their new prize. Return to Nassau Rackham and his men made their way back to Nassau, where they appeared before Governor Rogers and asked to accept the royal pardon, claiming that Vane had forced them to become pirates. Rogers, who hated Vane, believed them and allowed them to accept the pardon and stay. Their time as honest men would not last long. Rackham and Anne Bonny It was about this time that Rackham met Anne Bonny, the wife of John Bonny, a petty pirate who had switched sides and now made a meager living informing the governor on his former mates. Anne and Jack hit it off, and before long they were petitioning the governor for an annulment of her marriage, which was not granted. Anne became pregnant and went to Cuba to have her and Jack’s child. She returned afterward. Meanwhile, Anne met Mary Read, a cross-dressing Englishwoman who had also spent time as a pirate. Returns to Piracy Soon, Rackham got bored of life on shore and decided to return to piracy. In August of 1720, Rackham, Bonny, Read, and a handful of other disgruntled ex-pirates stole a ship and slipped out of Nassau’s harbor late at night. For about three months, the new crew attacked fishermen and poorly armed merchants, mostly in the waters off Jamaica. The crew swiftly earned a reputation for ruthlessness, particularly the two women, who dressed, fought, and swore just as well as their male companions. Dorothy Thomas, a fisherwoman whose boat was captured by Rackham’s crew, testified at their trial that Bonny and Read had demanded the crew murder her (Thomas) so that she would not testify against them. Thomas further said that if it were not for their large breasts, she would not have known that Bonny and Read were women. Capture and Death Capt. Jonathan Barnet had been hunting Rackham and his crew and he cornered them in late October 1720. After an exchange of cannon fire, Rackham’s ship was disabled. According to legend, the men hid below deck while Bonny and Read stayed above and fought. Rackham and his whole crew were captured and sent to Spanish Town, Jamaica, for trial. Rackham and the men were swiftly tried and found guilty: they were hanged in Port Royal on Nov. 18, 1720. Rackham was just 37 years old. Bonny was reportedly allowed to see Rackham one last time, and she said to him Im sorry to see you here, but if you had fought like a man, you need not have hanged like a dog. Bonny and Read were spared the noose because they were both pregnant: Read died in prison shortly thereafter, but the eventual fate of Bonny is unclear. Rackhams body was put in a gibbet and hung on a small island in the harbor still known as Rackhams Cay. Legacy Rackham wasnt a great pirate. His brief tenures as captain were marked more by daring and bravery than pirating skill. His best prize, the Kingston, was only in his possession for a few days, and he never had the impact on the Caribbean and transatlantic commerce that others like Blackbeard, Edward Low, Black Bart Roberts, or even his one-time mentor Vane did. Rackham is primarily remembered today for his association with Read and Bonny, two fascinating historical figures. It is safe to say that if it were not for them, Rackham would be but a footnote in pirate lore. Rackham did leave one other legacy, however: his flag. Pirates at the time made their own flags, usually black or red with white or red symbols on them. Rackhams flag was black with a white skull over two crossed swords: this banner has gained worldwide popularity as the pirate flag. Sources Cawthorne, Nigel. A History of Pirates: Blood and Thunder on the High Seas. Edison: Chartwell Books, 2005.Defoe, Daniel. A General History of the Pyrates. Edited by Manuel Schonhorn. Mineola: Dover Publications, 1972/1999.â€Å"Famous Pirate: Calico Rackham Jack.†Ã‚  Calico Rackham Jack - Famous Pirate - The Way of the Pirates.Konstam, Angus. The World Atlas of Pirates. Guilford: the Lyons Press, 2009Rediker, Marcus. Villains of All Nations: Atlantic Pirates in the Golden Age. Boston: Beacon Press, 2004.Woodard, Colin. The Republic of Pirates: Being the True and Surprising Story of the Caribbean Pirates and the Man Who Brought Them Down. Mariner Books, 2008.